Voiced bilabial plosive
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IPA – number 102IPA – text b
IPA – image
Entity b
X-SAMPA b
Kirshenbaum b
Sound sample (help·info)
The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is b, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial plosive occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter "b" in boy. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [b].
Features
Features of the voiced bilabial plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Varieties of [b]
IPA Descriptionb plain velar fricative
bʷ labialised
b̜ʷ semi-labialised
b̹ʷ strongly labialised
bʲ palatalised
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning NotesArabic Standard[1] كتب [ˈkatabɐ] 'he wrote' See Arabic phonology
Dutch[2] boer [buːr] 'farmer' See Dutch phonology
English aback [əˈbæk] 'aback' See English phonology
Catalan[3] blau [blaw] 'blue' (m.) See Catalan phonology
Czech bota [bota] 'boot' See Czech phonology
French[4] boue [bu] 'mud' See French phonology
Georgian[5] ბავშვი [ˈbavʃvi] 'child'
German Bub [buːp] 'boy' See German phonology
Greek μπόχα [ˈbo̞xa] 'reek' See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi बाल [bɑl] 'hair' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian baba [bɒbɒ] 'baby' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[6] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[7] ?/ban [baɴ] '(one's) turn' See Japanese phonology
Korean 바보/
babo [paːbo] 'fool' See Korean phonology
Maltese għatba [a:t'ba] 'threshold'
Norwegian bål [ˈbɔːl] 'bonfire' See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã pibaóí [ˈpìbàóí̯] 'parent'
Polish[8] bas
[bas] (help·info)
'bass'
See Polish phonology
Portuguese[9] bato [ˈbatu] 'I strike' See Portuguese phonology
Russian[10] рыба
[ˈrɨbə] (help·info)
'fish'
Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Slovak byť [bic] 'to be'
Spanish[11] invertir [ĩmbe̞rˈtir] 'to invest' See Spanish phonology
Swedish bra [ˈbrɑː] 'good' See Swedish phonology
Turkish bulut [ˈbulut̪] 'cloud' See Turkish phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan[12] bald [bal͡d] 'few'
See also
References
- ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Jassem (2003:103)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Padgett (2003:42)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- ^ Merrill (2008:108)
Bibliography
List · Table
Pulmonics
Bilabial
Labiod.
Dental
Alv.
Post.
Retrofl.
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyn.
Epiglott.
Glottal
Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl. ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject. pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr. p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim. ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl. ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject. pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr. p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim. ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.