Voiced bilabial plosive

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IPA – number 102
IPA – text b
IPA – image

Entity b
X-SAMPA b
Kirshenbaum b

The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is b, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial plosive occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter "b" in boy. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [b].

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial plosive:

Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Varieties

IPA Description
b plain b
bʷ labialised
b̜ʷ semi-labialised
b̹ʷ strongly labialised
bʲ palatalised

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic Standard[1] كتب [ˈkatabɐ] 'he wrote' See Arabic phonology
Catalan[2] blau [blaw] 'blue' (m.) See Catalan phonology
Czech bota [bota] 'boot' See Czech phonology
Dutch[3] boer [buːr] 'farmer' See Dutch phonology
English aback [əˈbæk] 'aback' See English phonology
French[4] boue [bu] 'mud' See French phonology
Georgian[5] ბავშვი [ˈbavʃvi] 'child'
German Bub [buːp] 'boy' See German phonology
Greek μπόχα [ˈbo̞xa] 'reek' See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi बाल [bɑːl] 'hair' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian baba [bɒbɒ] 'baby' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[6] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[7] 番/ban [baɴ] '(one's) turn' See Japanese phonology
Korean 바보/
babo [paːbo] 'fool' See Korean phonology
Malay baru [baru] 'new'
Maltese għatba [aːtˈba] 'threshold'
Norwegian bål [ˈbɔːl] 'bonfire' See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã pibaóí [ˈpìbàóí̯] 'parent'
Polish[8] bas

[bas] (help·info) 'bass' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[9] bato [ˈbatu] 'I strike' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian[10] bou [bow] 'bull' See Romanian phonology.
Russian[11] рыба

[ˈrɨbə] (help·info) 'fish' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Slovak byť [bic] 'to be'
Spanish[12] invertir [ĩmbe̞rˈtir] 'to invest' See Spanish phonology
Swedish bra [ˈbrɑː] 'good' See Swedish phonology
Turkish bulut [ˈbulut̪] 'cloud' See Turkish phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan[13] bald [bal͡d] 'few'

References

^ Thelwall (1990:37)
^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
^ Okada (1991:94)
^ Jassem (2003:103)
^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
^ DEX Online : [1]
^ Padgett (2003:42)
^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
^ Merrill (2008:108)

Bibliography

Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94
Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76
Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259
Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114
Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97
Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121
Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264
Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41

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