Palatal nasals are more common than palatal stops ([c] or [ɟ]). [1] In Spanish and languages whose writing systems are influenced by Spanish orthography, this sound is represented with the letter eñe (ñ).
Features
Features of the palatal nasal:
- Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning NotesAlbanian një [ɲə] 'one'
Catalan[2] bany [baɲ] 'bath' Alveolo-palatal. See Catalan phonology
Croatian konj [koɲ] 'horse'
Czech kůň [kuːɲ] 'horse' See Czech phonology
Dinka nyɔt [ɲɔt] 'very'
Dutch[3] Njord [ɲɔʁd] 'Njord' Some dialects. See Dutch phonology
English onion [ˈʌɲən] 'onion' Some dialects. See English phonology
French[4] montagne [mɔ̃taɲ] 'mountain' See French phonology
Galician leña [ˈleɲa] 'firewood'
Greek Πρωτοχρονιά [pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲa] 'New Year's Day' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian[5] anya [ɒɲɒ] 'mother' See Hungarian phonology
Indonesian banyak [ˈbaɲaʔ] 'a lot'
Italian[6] bagno [baɲɲo] 'bath' See Italian phonology
Japanese[7] 庭/niwa [ɲiɰa] 'garden' Alveolo-palatal. See Japanese phonology
Malayalam[8] ഞ [ɲan] 'I'
Norwegian Northern dialects vann [vɑɲː] 'water' See Norwegian phonology
Occitan Northern and Southern Polonha [puˈluɲo] 'Poland'
Gascon banh [baɲ] 'bath'
Polish[9] koń
[kɔɲ] (help·info)
'horse'
Usually alveolo-palatal. See Polish phonology
Portuguese[10] anho [ˈɐɲu] 'lamb' See Portuguese phonology
Quechua ñuqa [ˈɲɔqɑ] 'I'
Scottish Gaelic seinn [ʃeɲ] 'sing'
Serbian коњ/konj [koɲ] 'horse'
Slovak pečeň [ˈpɛtʃɛɲ] 'liver'
Spanish[11] enseñar [ẽ̞nse̞ˈɲar] 'to teach' See Spanish phonology
Vietnamese nhai [ɲaɪ] 'to chew' See Vietnamese phonology
See also
References
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:163)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:46)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:164)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ^ Okada (1991:95)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ^ Jassem (2003:103)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
Bibliography
List · Table
Pulmonics
Bilabial
Labiod.
Dental
Alv.
Post.
Retrofl.
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyn.
Epiglott.
Glottal
Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl. ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject. pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr. p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim. ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl. ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject. pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr. p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim. ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.