Lausanne

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lausanne
View from Mont Tendre on Lausanne

Country Switzerland
Canton Vaud
District Lausanne
6°38.01′E / 46.51983°N 6.6335°E / 46.51983; 6.6335Coordinates: 6°38.01′E / 46.51983°N 6.6335°E / 46.51983; 6.6335
Population 129,273 (2007^[update])
  - Density 3,125 /km² (8,093 /sq mi)
Area 41.37 km² (15.97 sq mi)
Elevation 495 m (1,624 ft)
  - Highest 929.4 m - Jorat
  - Lowest 372 m - Lake Geneva
Postal code 1000-1018
SFOS number 5586
Mayor (list) Daniel Brélaz (as of 2008) GPS
Demonym Les Lausannois
Localities Le Chalet-à-Gobet, Montblesson, Montheron, Ouchy, Vernand-Dessous, Vernand-Dessus, Vers-chez-les-Blanc
Surrounded by
(view map) Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Ecublens, Epalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR-74), Maxilly-sur-Léman (FR-74), Montpreveyres, Morrens, Neuvecelle (FR-74), Prilly, Pully, Renens, Romanel-sur-Lausanne, Saint-Sulpice, Savigny
Website www.lausanne.ch
Profile, SFSO statistics

Lausanne (pronounced [loˈzan] is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman)[1], and facing Évian-les-Bains (France) and with the Jura mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located some 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Geneva. It is the capital of the canton of Vaud and of the district of Lausanne. The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee are located in Lausanne and the IOC officially recognises the city as the 'Capitale Olympique'[1], and the headquarters of the Court of Arbitration for Sport. It lies in the middle of a wine region.

History

The Romans built a military camp, which they called Lousanna, at the site of a Celtic settlement, near the lake where currently are Vidy and Ouchy; on the hill above was a fort called 'Lausodunon' or 'Lousodunon' (The 'y' suffix is common to many place names of Roman origin in the region (e.g.) Prilly, Pully, Lutry, etc).[2]

After the fall of the Roman Empire, insecurity forced the transfer of Lausanne to its current center, a hilly, easier to defend site. The city which emerged from the camp was ruled by the Dukes of Savoy and the Bishop of Lausanne. Then it came under Berne from 1536 to 1798 and a number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the Cathedral, were permanently removed. Lausanne has made a number of requests to recover them. During the Napoleonic Wars, its status changed. In 1803, it became the capital of a newly formed Swiss canton, Vaud under which it joined the Swiss Federation.[3]

Modern history

In 1964 the city hosted the 'Swiss National Exhibition' [2], displaying its newly found confidence to host major international events. From the 1950s to 1970s a large number of Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese immigrated, settling mostly in the industrial district of Renens and transforming the local diet.

The city has been traditionally quiet but in the late 1960s and early 1970s there were a series of mainly youth demonstrations confronted by the police. The next vigorous demonstrations took place to protest against the high cinema prices and since then the city has returned to its very sleepy self, until the protest against the G8 meetings in 2003.

Geography

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008)

The most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva (Lac Léman in French). Lausanne is built on the southern slope of the Swiss plateau, with a difference in elevation of about 500 meters (1,640 ft) between the lakeshore at Ouchy and its northern edge bordering Le Mont-sur-Lausanne and Epalinges. Lausanne boasts a dramatic panorama over the lake and the Alps.

In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the center of the city is the site of an ancient river, the Flon, which has been covered since the 19th century. The former river forms a gorge running through the middle of the city south of the old city centre, generally following the course of the present Rue Centrale, with several bridges crossing the depression to connect the adjacent neighborhoods. Due to the large differences in elevation, visitors should make a note as to which plane of elevation they are on and where they want to go, lest they find themselves tens of meters below or above the street which they are trying to travel on. The name Flon is also used for the Metro station located in the gorge.

Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of Lavaux (to the east) and la Côte (to the west).

The population of the greater Lausanne area (grand Lausanne) is about 316,000 (2007 estimate).

Transport

Lausanne includes buses and metros (operated by TL (French)), nationwide and regional train lines (CFF, LEB (French)), and boats (CGN (French)). The majority of urban public transport in Lausanne is by trolleybus.

Lausanne became the first city in Switzerland to have a rubber-tyred metro system, with the m2 Line which opened in October 2008. The rolling stock is a shorter version of the one used on Paris Métro Line 14.^{[citation needed]}

Lausanne is connected to the A1 motorway on its west side (Geneva - Zurich axis) and to the A9 on its north and east side (transit with Italy and France), the forking point between these two motorways being at the north-west side of the city.

Education

Lausanne enjoys some world class education and research establishements, including private schools attended by students from around the world.

• École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - EPFL (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - Lausanne)
• Université de Lausanne - UNIL (University of Lausanne)
• HEC Lausanne - Hautes Etudes Commerciales, UNIL (High Business Studies, at University of Lausanne)
• AISTS (International Academy of Sports Science and Technology)
• Business School Lausanne
• International Institute for Management Development (IMD)
• École hôtelière de Lausanne
• The Lausanne campus of the University of the Nations
• Pepperdine University maintains an international study campus in Lausanne
• CHUV, a hospital center with associated research (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne)