December 11

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December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 20 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

359 – Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office.
969 – Byzatine Emperor Nikephoros II is assassinated by his wife Theofano and her lover, the later Emperor John I Tzimiskes.
1282 – Llywelyn the Last, the last native Prince of Wales, is killed at Cilmeri, near Builth Wells, south Wales.
1602 – A surprise attack by forces under the command of the Duke of Savoy and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva.
1789 – The University of North Carolina is chartered by the North Carolina General Assembly.
1792 – French Revolution: King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason by the National Convention.
1816 – Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state.
1905 – A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
1907 – The New Zealand Parliament Buildings are almost completely destroyed by fire.
1917 – British General Edmund Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot and declares martial law.
1917 – Lithuania declares its independence from Russia.
1925 – Roman Catholic papal encyclical Quas Primas introduces the Feast of Christ the King.
1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist militia and worker Red Guards launch an uprising in the Chinese city of Guangzhou, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
1931 – The British Parliament enacts the Statute of Westminster 1931, establishing legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Irish Free State, Dominion of Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa.
1936 – Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India becomes effective.
1937 – Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy leaves the League of Nations.
1941 – World War II: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States, following the Americans' declaration of war on Japan in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States, in turn, declares war on Germany and Italy.
1946 – The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is established.
1958 – French Upper Volta gains self-government from France, becomes the Republic of Upper Volta, and joins the French Community.
1960 – French forces crack down in a violent clash with protesters in French Algeria during a visit by French president Charles de Gaulle.
1962 – Arthur Lucas, convicted of murder, is the last person to be executed in Canada.
1964 – Che Guevara speaks at the United Nations General Assembly in New York City. An unknown terrorist fires a mortar shell at the building during the speech.
1971 – The Libertarian Party of the United States is formed.
1972 – Apollo 17 becomes the sixth and last Apollo mission to land on the Moon.
1980 – The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, also known as CERCLA or Superfund, is enacted by the U.S. Congress.
1981 – El Mozote massacre: Armed forces in El Salvador kill an estimated 900 civilians in an anti-guerrilla campaign during the Salvadoran Civil War.
1993 – Forty-eight people are killed when a block of the Highland Towers collapses near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
1994 – First Chechen War: Russian President Boris Yeltsin orders Russian troops into Chechnya.
1997 – The Kyoto Protocol opens for signature.
1998 – Thai Airways Flight 261 crashes near Surat Thani Airport, killing 101. The pilot flying the Thai Airways Airbus A310-300 is thought to have suffered spatial disorientation.
2001 – The People's Republic of China joins the World Trade Organization.
2005 – The Buncefield Oil Depot catches fire in Hemel Hempstead, England.
2005 – Cronulla riots: Thousands of White Australians demonstrate against ethnic violence resulting in a riot against anyone thought to be Lebanese (and many who were not) in Cronulla Sydney. These are followed up by retaliatory ethnic attacks on Cronulla.
2006 – The International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust is opened in Tehran, Iran by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; Nations such as Israel and the United States express concern.
2007 – Two car bombs explode at the Constitutional Court building in Algiers and the United Nations office. An estimated 45 people are killed in the bombings.
2008 – Bernard Madoff is arrested and charged with securities fraud in a $50 billion Ponzi scheme.
2009 – Tiger Woods announced an indefinite leave from professional golf to focus on his marriage.

Births

1465 – Ashikaga Yoshihisa, Japanese shogun (d. 1489)
1475 – Pope Leo X (d. 1521)
1566 – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer (d. 1650)
1680 – Emanuele d'Astorga, Italian composer (d. 1736)
1709 – Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, queen consort of Spain (d. 1742)
1712 – Francesco Algarotti, Italian philosopher (d. 1764)
1725 – George Mason, American statesman (d. 1792)
1761 – Gian Domenico Romagnosi, Italian physicist (d. 1835)
1781 – Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist (d. 1868)
1801 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (d. 1836)
1803 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (d. 1869)
1810 – Alfred de Musset, French poet (d. 1857)
1830 – Kamehameha V, Hawaiian king (d. 1872)
1838 – John Labatt, Irish-Canadian brewer (d. 1915)
1843 – Robert Koch, German bacteriologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1910)
1856 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and Marxist theoretician (d. 1918)
1858 – Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Russian theatre director (d. 1943)
1863 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (d. 1941)
1873 – Josip Plemelj, Slovenian mathematician (d. 1967)
1875 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi and government minister (d. 1962)
1880 – Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (d. 1951)
1882 – Subramanya Bharathy, Indian poet (d. 1921)
1882 – Max Born, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1970)
1882 – Fiorello La Guardia, American statesman (d. 1947)
1883 – Victor McLaglen, English-born American actor (d. 1959)
1889 – Walter Knott, American farmer (d. 1981)
1890 – Carlos Gardel, tango singer (d. 1935)
1890 – Mark Tobey, American painter (d. 1976)
1904 – Marge, American cartoonist (d. 1993)
1905 – Robert Henriques, English writer (d. 1967)
1905 – Gilbert Roland, American actor (d. 1994)
1908 – Elliott Carter, American composer
1908 – Amon Göth, commandant of Nazi concentration camp (d. 1946)
1908 – Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese director
1909 – Ronald McKie, Australian author (d. 1991)
1909 – John Wyer, English sports car racing team manager (d. 1989)
1910 – Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (d. 1937)
1911 – Val Guest, English film director (d. 2006)
1911 – Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel laureate (d. 2006)
1911 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
1912 – Carlo Ponti, Italian film producer (d. 2007)
1913 – Jean Marais, French actor (d. 1998)
1916 – Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban-born bandleader (d. 1989)
1918 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer and Soviet dissident, Nobel laureate (d. 2008)
1919 – Marie Windsor, American actress (d. 2000)
1921 – Liz Smith, British actress
1922 – Grigoris Bithikotsis, Greek singer (d. 2005)
1922 – Dilip Kumar, Indian actor
1922 – Grace Paley, American writer (d. 2007)
1923 – Betsy Blair, American actress (d. 2009)
1924 – Doc Blanchard, American football player (d. 2009)
1925 – Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist, Nobel laureate
1926 – Big Mama Thornton, American singer (d. 1984)
1927 – John Buscema, American comics artist (d. 2002)
1930 – Chus Lampreave, Spanish actress
1930 – Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor
1931 – Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican actress
1931 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher
1931 – Pierre Pilote, Canadian ice hockey player
1931 – Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian guru (d. 1990)
1932 – Enrique Bermúdez, Nicaraguan Contra leader (d. 1991)
1932 – Anne Heywood, English actress
1933 – Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., Filipino politician
1935 – Ron Carey, American actor (d. 2007)
1935 – Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician
1935 – Elmer Vasko, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
1936 – Taku Yamasaki, Japanese politician
1937 – Jim Harrison, American writer
1938 – Enrico Macias, Algerian-born French singer
1938 – McCoy Tyner, American jazz pianist
1938 – Reg Livermore, Australian entertainer
1939 – Tom Hayden, American politician and activist
1939 – Thomas McGuane, American writer
1940 – David Gates, American musician (Bread)
1941 – Max Baucus, American politician, senior senator of Montana
1941 – J. P. Parisé, Canadian ice hockey player
1942 – Donna Mills, American actress
1943 – John Kerry, American politician
1944 – Jon Garrison, American tenor
1944 – Teri Garr, American film actress
1944 – Lynda Day George, American actress
1944 – Brenda Lee, American singer
1946 – Susan Kyle (aka Diana Palmer, Susan S. Kyle, Diana Blayne, Katy Currie), American writer
1948 – Stamatis Spanoudakis, Greek composer
1950 – Christina Onassis, American heiress (d. 1988)
1953 – Bess Armstrong, American actress
1954 – Jermaine Jackson, American singer (Jackson 5)
1954 – Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson, Icelandic engineer
1954 – Santiago Creel, Mexican politician
1955 – Stu Jackson, American basketball head coach
1956 – Andrew Lansley, British politician
1956 – Lani Brockman, American actress, director and playwright
1958 – Nikki Sixx, American musician (Mötley Crüe)
1958 – Isabella Hofmann, American actress
1960 – Rachel Portman, English film composer
1961 – Marco Pierre White, English chef and restaurateur
1962 – Ben Browder, American actor
1962 – Paul Haslinger, Austrian-born composer
1962 – Nele Karajlić, Bosnian singer
1963 – Jon Brion, American musician/record producer
1964 – Michel Courtemanche, French Canadian comedian
1964 – Justin Currie, Scottish singer and songwriter
1964 – John Mark Karr, American who claimed involvement in JonBenét Ramsey case
1964 – David Schools, American musician (Widespread Panic)
1964 – Cosy Sheridan, American singer
1964 – Carolyn Waldo, Canadian synchronized swimmer
1966 – Gary Dourdan, American actor
1966 – Göran Kropp, Swedish adventurer and mountaineer (d. 2002)
1966 – Leon Lai, Hong Kong Cantonese singer/actor
1967 – Mo'Nique, American actress/comedienne
1967 – DJ Yella, American DJ and music producer (N.W.A)
1968 – Fabrizio Ravanelli, Italian footballer
1969 – Vishwanathan Anand, Indian chess grandmaster
1969 – Stig Inge Bjørnebye, Norwegian footballer
1969 – Sean Grande, American sportscaster
1969 – Alessandro Melli, Italian footballer
1971 – Willie McGinest, American football player
1972 – Daniel Alfredsson, Swedish ice hockey player
1972 – Sami Al-Jaber, Saudi Arabian footballer
1972 – Dana Macsim, Romanian television news reporter
1973 – Mos Def, American rapper and actor
1974 – Rey Mysterio, Mexican professional wrestler
1974 – Lisa Ortiz, TV animation and video game voice actress.
1974 – Ben Shephard, English TV personality
1975 – Gerben de Knegt, Dutch cyclist
1975 – Tomoka Kurotani, Japanese actress
1976 – Shareef Abdur-Rahim, American basketball player
1977 – Mark Streit, Swiss ice hockey player
1979 – Rider Strong, American actor
1980 – Arya, Indian actor
1981 – Nikki Benz, Ukraine-born Canadian pornographic actress
1981 – Hamish Blake, Australian comedian
1981 – Paul Medhurst, Australian rules footballer
1981 – Javier Saviola, Argentine footballer
1981 – Zacky Vengeance, American musician (Avenged Sevenfold)
1982 – Pablo Pérez Companc, Argentine racing driver
1983 – Yoh Miyamori, Japanese musician (Orange Range)
1984 – Leighton Baines, English footballer
1985 – Aiko Kayo, Japanese idol singer
1987 – Natalia Gordienko, Moldovan singer and dancer
1988 – Tim Southee, New Zealand cricketer
1989 – Murugan Thiruchelvam, English chess player

Deaths

384 – Pope Damasus I
969 – Nikephoros II Phokas, Byzantine emperor (b. ca. 912)
1121 – Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Caliph of Egypt (b. 1066)
1226 – Robert de Ros, English politician (b. 1177)
1241 – Ogedei Khan, Emperor of the Mongol Empire
1282 – Llywelyn the Last, Prince of Gwynedd
1282 – Michael VIII Palaiologos, Greek Byzantine Emperor (b. 1225)
1532 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)
1582 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1508)
1694 – Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1630)
1737 – John Strype, English historian (b. 1643)
1747 – Edmund Curll, English bookseller (b. c. 1675)
1797 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (b. 1722)
1840 – Emperor Kokaku of Japan (b. 1771)
1872 – Kamehameha V, Hawaiian king (b. 1830)
1880 – Oliver Fisher Winchester, American businessman and politician (b. 1810)
1892 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian (b. 1821)
1909 – Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (b. 1855)
1918 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (b. 1876)
1920 – Olive Schreiner, South African writer (b. 1855)
1938 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1869)
1941 – John Gillespie Magee, Jr., American poet and aviator (b. 1922)
1941 – Charles Émile Picard, French mathematician (b. 1856)
1945 – Charles Fabry, French physicist (b. 1867)
1950 – Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer (b. 1893)
1957 – Musidora (Jeanne Roques), French actress (b. 1889)
1959 – Jim Bottomley, American baseball player (b. 1900)
1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer (b. 1931)
1964 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (b. 1888)
1968 – Richard Sagrits, Estonian painter (b.1910)
1971 – Maurice "Mac" McDonald, American fast-food pioneer (b. 1902)
1975 – Lee Wiley, American jazz singer (b. 1908)
1978 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American chemist and Nobel laureate (b. 1901)
1978 – Paul O'Dea, American baseball player (b. 1920)
1979 – James J. Gibson, American perceptual psychologist (b. 1904)
1983 – Sir Neil Ritchie, British General (b. 1897)
1984 – Oskar Seidlin, German-born American scholar (b. 1911)
1987 – G. A. Kulkarni, Indian (Marathi) writer (b. 1923)
1989 – Louise Dahl-Wolfe, American photographer (b. 1895)
1991 – Robert Q. Lewis, American game show host and actor (b. 1921)
1991 – Artur Lundkvist, Swedish author and critic (b. 1906)
1992 – Michael Robbins, English actor (b. 1930)
1993 – Elvira Popescu, Romanian-born French actress (b. 1894)
1994 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (b. 1900)
1995 – Arthur Mullard, English comedy actor (b. 1910)
1996 – Willie Rushton, English cartoonist, satirist, comedian, actor, performer and co-founder of the Private Eye satirical magazine. (b. 1937)
1997 – Eddie Chapman, British World War II spy and double agent, aka Agent Zigzag (b. 1914)
1998 – André Lichnerowicz, Polish-French physicist (b. 1915)
1998 – Lynn Strait, American singer (Snot) (b. 1968)
2000 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani politician, diplomat and author (b. 1915)
2000 – David Lewis, American actor (b. 1916)
2003 – Ahmadou Kourouma, Ivorian writer (b. 1927)
2004 – José Luis Cuciuffo, Argentinian footballer (b. 1962)
2004 – Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand running coach (b. 1917)
2004 – M.S. Subbulakshmi, Indian singer (b. 1916)
2006 – Elizabeth Bolden, American, oldest verified person in the world at the time of her death (b. 1890)
2007 – Christie Hennessy, Irish singer (b. 1945)
*2008 – Bettie Page, American model (b. 1923)
2008 – Maddie Blaustein, American voice actress (b. 1960)

Holidays and observances

Roman festivals – One of the four Agonalia, this day in honour of Sol Indiges; also the Septimontium festival
R.C. Saints – Pope Damasus I: optional memorial; Victoricus, Fuscian, and Gentian
Argentina – Tango Day, Buenos Aires
Burkina Faso – Republic Day (1958, Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community.)
USA – Indiana Day, celebration of Indiana's admission to the Union. (19th state, 1816)
Wales – Remembrance Day of Llywelyn II
Philippines – Pampanga Day, local official holiday

External links

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