August 25

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August 25 is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 128 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

1248 – The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.
1258 – Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under, paving the way for its leader, Michael VIII Palaiologos, to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.
1537 – The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.
1580 – Battle of Alcântara. Spain defeats Portugal.
1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
1758 – Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.
1768 – James Cook begins his first voyage.
1814 – Washington, D.C. is burned and White House is destroyed by British forces during the War of 1812.
1825 – Uruguay declares its independence from Brazil.
1830 – The Belgian Revolution begins.
1835 – The New York Sun perpetrates the Great Moon Hoax.
1894 – Shibasaburo Kitasato discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet.
1898 – 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are killed by the Turks in Heraklion, Greece.
1910 – Yellow Cab is founded.
1912 – The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.
1916 – The United States National Park Service is created.
1920 – Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends. The Red Army is defeated.
1921 – The first skirmishes of the Battle of Blair Mountain occur.
1933 – The Diexi earthquake strikes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
1942 – World War II: Battle of Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea.
1942 – World War II: second day of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. A Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned-back by an Allied air attack, losing one destroyer and one transport sunk, and one light cruiser heavily damaged.
1944 – World War II: Paris is liberated by the Allies.
1945 – Ten days after World War II ends with Japan announcing its surrender, armed supporters of the Communist Party of China kill Baptist missionary John Birch, regarded by some of the American right as the first victim of the Cold War.
1948 – The House Un-American Activities Committee holds first-ever televised congressional hearing: "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.
1950 – President Harry Truman orders the US Army to seize control of the nation's railroads to avert a strike.
1980 – Zimbabwe joins the United Nations.
1981 – Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Saturn
1989 – Tadeusz Mazowiecki is chosen as the first non-communist Prime Minister in Central and Eastern Europe.
1989 – Voyager 2 spacecraft makes its closest approach to Neptune, the outermost planet in the Solar System.
1989 – Mayumi Moriyama becomes Japan's first female cabinet secretary.
1991 – Belarus declares its independence from the Soviet Union
1991 – The Battle of Vukovar has begun. An 87-day siege of a Croatian city by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various Serbian paramilitary forces, between August-November 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence.
1997 – Egon Krenz, the former East German leader, is convicted of a shoot-to-kill Berlin Wall policy.
2003 – The Tli Cho land claims agreement is signed between the Dogrib First Nations and the Canadian federal government in Rae-Edzo (now called Behchoko).

Births

1530 – Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (d. 1584)
1561 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (d. 1632)
1624 – François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (d. 1709)
1662 – John Leverett the Younger, American educator (d. 1724)
1719 – Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (d. 1795)
1724 – George Stubbs, British painter (d. 1806)
1741 – Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian (d. 1792)
1744 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer (d. 1803)
1767 – Antoine Louis Léon de Richebourg de Saint-Just, French revolutionary and writer (d. 1794)
1786 – King Ludwig I of Bavaria (d. 1868)
1796 – James Lick, American land baron (d. 1876)
1802 – Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (d. 1850)
1803 – Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, the Duque de Caxias, Brazilian military leader (d. 1880)
1819 – Allan Pinkerton, American private detective (d. 1884)
1829 – Carlo Acton, Italian composer and concert pianist (d. 1909)
1836 – Bret Harte, American writer (d. 1902)
1841 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss medical researcher; Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
1845 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria (d. 1886)
1867 – James W. Gerard, American jurist and diplomat (d. 1951)
1868 – Nikolaos Levidis, Greek shooter
1882 – Seán T. O'Kelly, Irish politician (d. 1966)
1891 – David Shimoni, Russian-born Israeli poet and writer (d. 1956)
1893 – Henry Trendley Dean, American dental researcher (d. 1962)
1898 – Helmut Hasse, German mathematician (d. 1975)
1898 – Arthur Wood, England cricketer (d. 1973)
1900 – Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist; Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
1902 – Stefan Wolpe, German-born composer (d. 1972)
1903 – Arpad Elo, American chess writer (d. 1992)
1905 – Faustina Kowalska, Polish mystic (d. 1938)
1906 – Jim Smith, England cricketer (d. 1979)
1909 – Michael Rennie, English actor (d. 1971)
1910 – Ruby Keeler, Canadia singer and actress (d. 1993)
1910 – Dorothea Tanning, American painter
1910 – George Cisar (baseball), American baseball player (d. 2010)
1911 – Vo Nguyen Giap (Võ Nguyên Giáp), Vietnamese general and statesman
1912 – Erich Honecker, East German politician (d. 1994)
1913 – Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (d. 1973)
1913 – Don DeFore, American actor (d. 1993)
1915 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
1916 – Van Johnson, American actor (d. 2008)
1916 – Frederick Chapman Robbins, American pediatrician and virologist; Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
1916 – Saburo Sakai, Japanese aviator (d. 2000)
1917 – Mel Ferrer, Cuban-American actor, film director and film producer (d. 2008)
1918 – Leonard Bernstein, American conductor and composer (d. 1990)
1918 – Richard Greene, English actor (d. 1985)
1919 – George Wallace, American politician (d. 1998)
1921 – Monty Hall, Canadian-born game show host
1921 – Brian Moore, Irish-born writer (d. 1999)
1921 – Bryce Mackasey, Canadian politician (d. 1999)
1925 – Thea Astley, Australian writer, (d. 2004)
1927 – Althea Gibson, American tennis player (d. 2003)
1928 – Herbert Kroemer, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1928 – Darrell Johnson, American baseball player (d. 2004)
1928 – John "Kayo" Dottley, American football player
1930 – Sean Connery, Scottish actor
1930 – Graham Jarvis, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
1930 – Bruce Allpress, New Zealand actor
1931 – Hal Fishman, Los Angeles based local news anchor. (d. 2007)
1931 – Regis Philbin, American television host
1933 – Wayne Shorter, American jazz musician
1933 – Tom Skerritt, American actor
1934 – Lise Bacon, French Canadian politician
1934 – Eddie Ilarde, Filipino disk jockey, television host, and Senator
1935 – Charles Wright, American poet
1938 – David Canary, American actor
1938 – Frederick Forsyth, English author
1939 – John Badham, American film director
1940 – José Van Dam, Belgian baritone
1941 – Marshall Brickman, American film writer
1944 – Anthony Heald, American actor
1944 – Conrad Black, newspaper magnate
1944 – Jacques Demers, Canadian hockey coach
1946 – Rollie Fingers, American baseball player
1946 – Charles Ghigna (Father Goose), American poet and children's author
1946 – Charlie Sanders, American football player
1948 – Nicholas A. Peppas, Greek chemical and biomedical engineer
1949 – Martin Amis, English novelist
1949 – John Savage, American actor
1949 – Gene Simmons, Israeli-born musician (Kiss)
1949 – Fariborz Lachini, Canadian-Iranian composer
1950 – Charles Fambrough, American jazz musician
1951 – Rob Halford, English singer (Judas Priest)
1951 – Bill Handel, American radio personality
1952 – Geoff Downes, English keyboardist (The Buggles, Yes, Asia)
1952 – Duleep Mendis, Sri Lankan cricketer
1954 – Elvis Costello, English musician
1955 – Vijayakanth, Tamil actor and politician
1956 – Henri Toivonen, Finnish rally driver (d. 1986)
1957 – Sikander Bakht, Pakistani cricketer
1958 – Tim Burton, American film director
1958 – Christian LeBlanc, American actor
1960 – Ashley Crow, American actress
1961 – Billy Ray Cyrus, American singer and actor
1961 – Joanne Whalley, British actress
1962 – David Packer, American actor
1962 – Vivian Campbell, Irish musician (Def Leppard, Whitesnake, Dio)
1962 – Shahid Mahboob, Pakistani cricketer
1963 – James Backhouse, British artist
1964 – Maxim Kontsevich, Russian mathematician
1964 – Blair Underwood, American actor
1964 – Vassilios Kotronias, Greek chess grandmaster
1964 – Marti Noxon, American television writer and producer
1965 – Mia Zapata, American singer (The Gits) (d. 1993)
1965 – Sanjeev Sharma, Indian cricketer
1966 – Albert Belle, American baseball player
1966 – Derek Sherinian, American keyboardist
1966 – Robert Maschio, American actor
1967 – Tom Hollander, English actor
1967 – Jeff Tweedy, American singer (Wilco)
1968 – Rafet El Roman, Turkish singer and composer
1968 – Yuri Mitsui, Japanese actress, model and racing driver
1968 – Stuart Murdoch, Scottish musician (Belle & Sebastian)
1968 – Takeshi Ueda, Japanese singer and composer
1968 – Rachael Ray, American chef and television personality
1968 – Spider One, American musician (Powerman 5000)
1969 – Cameron Mathison, Canadian actor
1969 – John Witt, author, sportswriter, actor and Ballhawk
1969 – Vivek Razdan, Indian cricketer
1970 – Robert Horry, American basketball player
1970 – Jo Dee Messina, American country music singer
1970 – Claudia Schiffer, German model
1971 – Mike Lockwood, professional wrestler (d. 2003)
1971 – Thalia Sodi, Mexican actress and singer
1972 – Marvin Harrison, American football player
1973 – Fatih Akin, Turkish/German film director
1974 – Eric Millegan, American actor
1974 – Dave Luza, Dutch comedian
1974 – Pablo Ozuna, Dominican baseball player
1975 – Petria Thomas, Australian swimmer
1976 – Alexander Skarsgård, Swedish actor
1976 – Javed Qadeer, Pakistani cricketer
1976 – Damon Jones, American basketball player
1977 – Sophie Cadieux, Canadian actress
1977 – Diego Corrales, American boxer (d. 2007)
1977 – Andy McDonald, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Jonathan Togo, American actor
1978 – Kel Mitchell, American actor
1979 – Marlon Harewood, English footballer
1979 – Deanna Nolan, American basketball player
1980 – Neal Musser, American baseball player
1981 – Rachel Bilson, American actress
1981 – Clare Oliver, Australian cancer activist (d. 2007)
1983 – James Rossiter, British racing driver
1987 – Stacey Farber, Canadian actress
1987 – Liu Yifei, Chinese actress and singer
1987 – Blake Lively, American actress
1987 – Amy Macdonald, Scottish singer and songwriter
1987 – Justin Upton, American baseball player
1987 – James Wesolowski, Australian footballer
1987 – Jamie Archer, English footballer/ Boots Big Hitter
1988 – Angela Park, Brazilian/American golfer
1988 – Ray Quinn, English singer
1988 – Alexandra Burke, English singer
1992 – Miyabi Natsuyaki, Japanese singer

Deaths

383 – Gratian, Roman Emperor (b. 359)
471 – Gennadius I, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 458)
1192 – Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1142)
1270 – King Louis IX of France (b. 1214)
1282 – Thomas Cantilupe, English saint (b. c. 1218)
1330 – Sir James Douglas, Scottish soldier (b. 1286)
1482 – Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI of England (b. 1429)
1554 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1473)
1632 – Thomas Dekker, English dramatist (b. c. 1572)
1650 – Richard Crashaw, English poet (b. c. 1613)
1688 – Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer (b. c. 1635)
1699 – King Christian V of Denmark (b. 1646)
1711 – Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey, English politician
1742 – Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (b. 1704)
1774 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
1776 – David Hume, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1711)
1792 – Jacques Cazotte, French writer (b. 1719)
1794 – Comte de Mercy-Argenteau, Belgian-born Austrian diplomat (b. 1727)
1822 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (b. 1738)
1867 – Michael Faraday, English scientist (b. 1791)
1900 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (b. 1844)
1900 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
1904 – Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (b. 1836)
1904 – William Hall, Canadian Royal Naval sailor (b. 1827)
1908 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1852)
1924 – Mariano Álvarez, Filipino general (b. 1818)
1925 – Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (b. 1852)
1930 – Frankie Campbell, American Boxer (b. 1904)
1938 – Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer (b. 1870)
1939 – Babe Siebert, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1904)
1940 – Jean d'Orleans, duc de Guise, Orleanist pretender to the French throne (b. 1874)
1942 – George Edward Alexander Windsor, Duke of Kent (b. 1902)
1945 – John Birch, American intelligence officer and missionary (b. 1918)
1950 – Earl Caddock, professional wrestler (b. 1888)
1956 – Alfred Kinsey, American research biologist (b. 1894)
1965 – Moonlight Graham, American baseball player (b. 1879)
1967 – Stanley Bruce, eighth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1883)
1967 – Paul Muni, Polish actor (b. 1895)
1967 – George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi Party leader (b. 1918)
1968 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (b. 1910)
1970 – Tachū Naitō, Japanese architect (b. 1886)
1971 – Ted Lewis, American musician and entertainer (b. 1890)
1976 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1900)
1979 – Stan Kenton, American musician and bandleader (b. 1911)
1980 – Gower Champion, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1919)
1984 – Truman Capote, American author (b. 1924)
1984 – Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (b. 1899)
1984 – Viktor Chukarin, Soviet gymnast (b. 1921)
1985 – Samantha Smith, American social activist (b. 1972)
1990 – Morley Callaghan, Canadian writer (b. 1903)
1999 – Rob Fisher, English musician (b. 1956)
2000 – Carl Barks, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
2000 – Jack Nitzsche, American record producer (b. 1937)
2001 – Aaliyah, American R&B singer and actress (b. 1979)
2001 – Carl Brewer, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
2001 – Ken Tyrrell, British race driver (b. 1924)
2001 – Philippe Léotard, French actor and singer (b. 1940)
2002 – Giannis Gionakis, Greek actor (b. 1922)
2002 – Dorothy Hewett, Australian writer (b. 1923)
2005 – Peter Glotz, German politician (b. 1939)
2006 – Noor Mohamed Hassanali, 2nd president of Trinidad & Tobago (b. 1918)
2007 – Ray Jones, English footballer (b. 1988)
2008 – Kevin Duckworth, American basketball player (b. 1964)
2008 – Pavle Kozjek, Slovenian mountaineer (b. 1959)
2009 – Edward M. Kennedy, United States Senator from Massachusetts (b. 1932)

Holidays and observances

Roman festivals – Opiconsivia held in honor of Ops.
Roman Catholic Saints – Genesius of Arles, Saint Louis IX of France, Saint Joseph Calasanz.
Uruguay – National Day (independence from Brazil in 1825).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: August 25

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