1815

Year 1815 (MDCCCXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1815

January - March

• January 2 - Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, County Durham.
• January 3 - Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
• January 8 - War of 1812 - Battle of New Orleans: American forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat an invading British force.
• February - The Hartford Convention arrives in Washington DC.
• February 3 - The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland.
• February 4 - The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps, Vindicat atque Polit is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate was B.J. Winters.
• February 6 - New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to a John Stevens.
• February 26 - Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
• March 1 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• March 15 - Joachim Murat, King of Naples declares war on Austria in an attempt to save his throne, starting the Neapolitan War.
• March 16 - Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands.
• March 20 - Napoleon enters Paris after escaping from Elba with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000 beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.

April - June

• April 5-April 12 - Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top explosively during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000 and propelling thousands of tons of aerosols (Sulfide gas compounds) into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere). The high level gases reflect sunlight and cause the widespread cooling (known as a volcanic winter) and heavy rains of 1816, causes snows in June and July in the northern hemisphere, widespread crop failures, and subsequently famine, which is why 1816 becomes known as the Year Without a Summer.
• April 23- The Second Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule takes place in Takovo, Serbia. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state; the ideals of the First Serbian Uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.
• May 3 - Battle of Tolentino: Austria defeats the Kingdom of Naples, which quickly ends the Neapolitan War. Joachim Murat, the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to Corsica and is later executed.
• May 30 - The Arniston, an East Indiaman repatriating wounded troops to England from Ceylon, is wrecked near Waenhuiskrans, South Africa with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.
• June 9 - Congress of Vienna: A new European political situation is set.
• June 16 - Battle of Ligny: Napoleon beats the Prussians.
• June 16 - Battle of Quatre Bras: Marshal Ney gets a marginal win against the British and Allies.
• June 18 - Battle of Waterloo: The Duke of Wellington decisively defeats Napoleon, ending the Napoleonic wars.
• June 22 - Napoleon abdicates again; Napoleon II (1811–1832), age 4, rules for two weeks (June 22 to July 7).

July - September

• July 8 - Louis XVIII returns to Paris, and is 'restored' as King of France (he had declared himself king on June 8, 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-old Louis XVII, and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England).
• July 17 - In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort to British forces.
• September - Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance to uphold the European status quo.
• September 23 - The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years.

October - December

• October 3 - The Chassigny Mars meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France.
• October 15 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
• October 21 - Humphry Davy patents the miner's safety lamp for use in coal mining.

Undated

• British missionaries arrive in New Zealand.
• In Britain, use of the pillory is limited to punishment for perjury.
• The second wave of Amish immigration to North America begins.
• First-class cricket begins.

Ongoing events

• Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)-Seventh Coalition/Hundred Days
• War of 1812 (1812–1815)
• Congress of Vienna (1814–1815)

Births

1815 in other calendars Gregorian calendar 1815
MDCCCXV
Ab urbe condita 2568
Armenian calendar 1264
ԹՎ ՌՄԿԴ
Bahá'í calendar -29 – -28
Berber calendar 2765
Buddhist calendar 2359
Burmese calendar 1177
Byzantine calendar 7323 – 7324
Chinese calendar 甲戌年十一月廿一日
(4451/4511-11-21) 乙亥年十二月初二日
(4452/4512-12-2)
Coptic calendar 1531 – 1532
Ethiopian calendar 1807 – 1808
Hebrew calendar 5575 – 5576
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1870 – 1871
 - Shaka Samvat 1737 – 1738
 - Kali Yuga 4916 – 4917
Holocene calendar 11815
Iranian calendar 1193 – 1194
Islamic calendar 1230 – 1231
Japanese calendar Bunka 12
(文化12年)
Korean calendar 4148
Thai solar calendar 2358

January - June

• January 11 - John A. Macdonald, First Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (d. 1891
• February 15 - Constantin von Tischendorf, German Biblical scholar (d. 1874)
• April 1 - Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (d. 1898)
• April 1 - Edward Clark, Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
• April 6 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (d. 1883)
• April 24 - Anthony Trollope, British author (d. 1882)
• May 27-Sir Henry Parkes, Father of Australian Federation (d. 1896)

July - December

• August 5 - Edward John Eyre, explorer (d. 1901)
• August 16 - Saint John Bosco, priest and educator (d. 1888)
• October 16 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
• October 23 - João Maurício Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889)
• October 31 - Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (d. 1897)
• November 2 - George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1864)
• December 10 - Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace, early English computer pioneer (d. 1852)
• November 12 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (d. 1902)
• December 21 - Thomas Couture, French painter (d. 1879)